We can find these by looking at Bootstrap's stylesheet, Bootstrap.css. Each {number} represents a hexadecimal value, so 2a is equal to 0x2a or *.

As for the font, that can be downloaded from http://glyphicons.com.

<pre>

.glyphicon-asterisk:before {
  content: "2a";
}

.glyphicon-plus:before {
  content: "2b";
}

.glyphicon-euro:before {
  content: "20ac";
}

.glyphicon-minus:before {
  content: "2212";
}

.glyphicon-cloud:before {
  content: "2601";
}

.glyphicon-envelope:before {
  content: "2709";
}

.glyphicon-pencil:before {
  content: "270f";
}

.glyphicon-glass:before {
  content: "e001";
}

.glyphicon-music:before {
  content: "e002";
}

.glyphicon-search:before {
  content: "e003";
}

.glyphicon-heart:before {
  content: "e005";
}

.glyphicon-star:before {
  content: "e006";
}

.glyphicon-star-empty:before {
  content: "e007";
}

.glyphicon-user:before {
  content: "e008";
}

.glyphicon-film:before {
  content: "e009";
}

.glyphicon-th-large:before {
  content: "e010";
}

.glyphicon-th:before {
  content: "e011";
}

.glyphicon-th-list:before {
  content: "e012";
}

.glyphicon-ok:before {
  content: "e013";
}

.glyphicon-remove:before {
  content: "e014";
}

.glyphicon-zoom-in:before {
  content: "e015";
}

.glyphicon-zoom-out:before {
  content: "e016";
}

.glyphicon-off:before {
  content: "e017";
}

.glyphicon-signal:before {
  content: "e018";
}

.glyphicon-cog:before {
  content: "e019";
}

.glyphicon-trash:before {
  content: "e020";
}

.glyphicon-home:before {
  content: "e021";
}

.glyphicon-file:before {
  content: "e022";
}

.glyphicon-time:before {
  content: "e023";
}

.glyphicon-road:before {
  content: "e024";
}

.glyphicon-download-alt:before {
  content: "e025";
}

.glyphicon-download:before {
  content: "e026";
}

.glyphicon-upload:before {
  content: "e027";
}

.glyphicon-inbox:before {
  content: "e028";
}

.glyphicon-play-circle:before {
  content: "e029";
}

.glyphicon-repeat:before {
  content: "e030";
}

.glyphicon-refresh:before {
  content: "e031";
}

.glyphicon-list-alt:before {
  content: "e032";
}

.glyphicon-lock:before {
  content: "e033";
}

.glyphicon-flag:before {
  content: "e034";
}

.glyphicon-headphones:before {
  content: "e035";
}

.glyphicon-volume-off:before {
  content: "e036";
}

.glyphicon-volume-down:before {
  content: "e037";
}

.glyphicon-volume-up:before {
  content: "e038";
}

.glyphicon-qrcode:before {
  content: "e039";
}

.glyphicon-barcode:before {
  content: "e040";
}

.glyphicon-tag:before {
  content: "e041";
}

.glyphicon-tags:before {
  content: "e042";
}

.glyphicon-book:before {
  content: "e043";
}

.glyphicon-bookmark:before {
  content: "e044";
}

.glyphicon-print:before {
  content: "e045";
}

.glyphicon-camera:before {
  content: "e046";
}

.glyphicon-font:before {
  content: "e047";
}

.glyphicon-bold:before {
  content: "e048";
}

.glyphicon-italic:before {
  content: "e049";
}

.glyphicon-text-height:before {
  content: "e050";
}

.glyphicon-text-width:before {
  content: "e051";
}

.glyphicon-align-left:before {
  content: "e052";
}

.glyphicon-align-center:before {
  content: "e053";
}

.glyphicon-align-right:before {
  content: "e054";
}

.glyphicon-align-justify:before {
  content: "e055";
}

.glyphicon-list:before {
  content: "e056";
}

.glyphicon-indent-left:before {
  content: "e057";
}

.glyphicon-indent-right:before {
  content: "e058";
}

.glyphicon-facetime-video:before {
  content: "e059";
}

.glyphicon-picture:before {
  content: "e060";
}

.glyphicon-map-marker:before {
  content: "e062";
}

.glyphicon-adjust:before {
  content: "e063";
}

.glyphicon-tint:before {
  content: "e064";
}

.glyphicon-edit:before {
  content: "e065";
}

.glyphicon-share:before {
  content: "e066";
}

.glyphicon-check:before {
  content: "e067";
}

.glyphicon-move:before {
  content: "e068";
}

.glyphicon-step-backward:before {
  content: "e069";
}

.glyphicon-fast-backward:before {
  content: "e070";
}

.glyphicon-backward:before {
  content: "e071";
}

.glyphicon-play:before {
  content: "e072";
}

.glyphicon-pause:before {
  content: "e073";
}

.glyphicon-stop:before {
  content: "e074";
}

.glyphicon-forward:before {
  content: "e075";
}

.glyphicon-fast-forward:before {
  content: "e076";
}

.glyphicon-step-forward:before {
  content: "e077";
}